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<img src="./../../../images/concept.gif" height="16" width="16"><a href="./../../../rup/guidances/concepts/risk_7A001372.html" guid="5.120819940832181E-305">风险</a>
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<img src="./../../../rup/guidances/supportingmaterials/resources/pract_dgm32.gif" height="16" width="16"><a href="./../../../rup/guidances/supportingmaterials/develop_iteratively_1F6AE780.html" guid="3.078174280115047E-305">迭代开发</a>
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<img src="./../../../images/guidance.gif" height="16" width="16"><a href="./../../../rup/guidances/guidelines/risk_list_D1F548EE.html" guid="9.683880174893527E-305">风险列表</a>
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    缺乏真正的风险管理与控制是导致软件项目失败的最重要原因。实施有效的风险管理，做到真正风险驱动的迭代式开发，尽早排除架构(性能上)的风险也是最重要的。因此，风险管理是软件项目管理的第一管理要点。
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    风险驱动的迭代是NUP的核心特征之一，XP对此强调的不够，在早期的XP项目中主要是客户驱动的。所以，真正的迭代式开发在项目早期就允许客户对可运行的系统进行验证，从而使项目的风险减到最小。开发工作也应该根据风险的大小来安排，通过迭代及时调整优先级，风险越大的任务越应该及早设计、实现、测试和反馈。
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    NUP从风险驱动出发把一个软件项目分为四个阶段:起始阶段、细化阶段、构造阶段和移交阶段，这四个阶段分别对应着项目的四个里程碑。起始阶段主要消除项目的业务风险，细化阶段应该尽力消除项目的主要技术风险:架构风险(同时包括功能和非功能两方面)。只有将项目的主要风险在前两个阶段得到有效的规避或解决，项目才能够顺利的完成。<br />
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